ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium in clinical practice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods at present, but the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory. Studies have shown that exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of NPC derived exosomes on NPC and their molecular mechanisms. Methods Serum was collected from healthy subjects, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infected patients and NPC patients (n = 9 group) and exosomes were extracted separately. High-throughput sequencing of exosomes was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs. The function of the screened miRNA was identified by treating NPC cells with exosomes. The target gene of miRNA was identified using the dual-luciferase assay. Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the levels of miR-99a-5p and Bromodomain Adjacent Tozinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A). Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and wound healing assay were utilized to detect cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis, and migration ability. The protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Results MiR-99a-5p was identified as the most significant differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (p< 0.05). The proliferation and migration of NPC cells were extremely facilitated by exosomes, accompanied by the suppressed apoptosis, upregulated BAZ2A, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP1), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), and downregulation of Interleukin (IL)-1β and Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB (NF-κB) (p< 0.05). BAZ2A was a target gene of miR-99a-5p. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of exosomes on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis was significantly abolished by overexpression of miR-99a-5p or downregulation of BAZ2A (p< 0.05). Conclusion NPC derived exosomes facilitated the proliferation and migration of NPC through regulating the miR-99a-5p/BAZ2A axis.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: It is necessary to adjust the physical training of swimmers according to their physical conditions, being the progressive stages method the most indicated nowadays. However, this is not the most observed technique in teaching swimming to college students. Objective: Study a protocol for applying progressive physical training in teaching swimming to college students. Methods: In one semester of teaching swimming sports, two volunteer students (n=40) classes were selected for the experiment. Equally divided into experimental and control group, the experimental group trained according to the phased physical training, while the control trained according to the usual semester physical training program. Before and after the experiment, the relevant indices were measured. Results: Compared with constant general physical training, progressive physical training can provide better guidance of necessary training according to the actual situation of students, and the efficiency of optimization on body composition is more evident during the semester. Conclusion: Selecting progressive physical training and adjusting training items and intensity according to students' actual situation can amplify the effect of swimming instruction on college students, its promotion is suggested. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: É necessário ajustar o treinamento físico dos nadadores de acordo com as suas condições físicas, sendo o método de etapas progressivas o mais indicado atualmente. No entanto, não é essa a técnica a mais observada no ensino de natação para estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Estudar um protocolo para a aplicação do treinamento físico progressivo no ensino de natação para estudantes universitários. Métodos: Em um semestre de ensino de natação esportiva, selecionou-se duas classes de estudantes voluntários (n=40) para o experimento. Igualmente divididos em grupo experimental e controle, o grupo experimental treinou de acordo com o treinamento físico por fases, enquanto o controle treinou de acordo com o programa habitual de treinamento físico semestral. Antes e depois do experimento, os índices relevantes foram mensurados. Resultados: Em comparação com o treinamento físico geral constante, o treinamento físico progressivo pode fornecer melhor orientação de treinamento necessário de acordo com a situação real dos estudantes, sendo a eficiência da otimização sobre a composição corporal mais evidente durante o semestre. Conclusão: A seleção do treinamento físico progressivo e o ajuste dos itens e intensidade do treinamento de acordo com a situação real dos estudantes pode amplificar o efeito do ensino de natação sobre os estudantes universitários, sugere-se a sua promoção. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Es necesario ajustar el entrenamiento físico de los nadadores en función de sus condiciones físicas, siendo el método de etapas progresivas el más indicado en la actualidad. Sin embargo, ésta no es la técnica más observada en la enseñanza de la natación a estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Estudiar un protocolo de aplicación del entrenamiento físico progresivo en la enseñanza de la natación a estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: En un semestre de enseñanza de natación deportiva, se seleccionaron para el experimento dos clases de alumnos voluntarios (n=40). Divididos a partes iguales en grupo experimental y grupo de control, el grupo experimental entrenó según el entrenamiento físico por fases, mientras que el de control entrenó según el programa habitual de entrenamiento físico semestral. Antes y después del experimento, se midieron los índices pertinentes. Resultados: En comparación con el entrenamiento físico general constante, el entrenamiento físico progresivo puede proporcionar una mejor orientación del entrenamiento necesario según la situación real de los estudiantes, y la eficacia de la optimización sobre la composición corporal es más evidente durante el semestre. Conclusión: La selección del entrenamiento físico progresivo y el ajuste de los elementos de entrenamiento y la intensidad según la situación real de los estudiantes pueden amplificar el efecto de la enseñanza de la natación en los estudiantes universitarios, se sugiere su promoción. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Diverticulum/diagnosis , Urethral Diseases/diagnosis , Hysteroscopy , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of rhG-CSF and rhSCF on mobilization of the peripheral blood stem cells, 15 monkeys were divided into control, rhG-CSF 10 micro g/(kg x day) and rhG-CSF 10 micro g/(kg x day) + rhSCF 50 micro g/(kg x day) treated groups. Monkeys were administered with vehicle, rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF + rhSCF subcutaneously once daily for 14 days, respectively. The results showed that the highest counts of leukocyte of rhG-CSF treated group were 411% of baseline value on day 7 after administration, compared with that of rhG-CSF + rhSCF treated group which were 538% on day 9. The highest counts of leukocytes lasted for 3 days in combined treated group. CFU-GM from peripheral blood in the two groups were 8.37 and 11.75 times higher at 5 and 9 days respectively after the mobilization. It is concluded that rhG-CSF significantly increases the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and CFU-GM, and a better effect can be obtained by rhSCF + rhG-CSF combined administration.